Rare Earths: Supply Chains, Magnets and Strategic Shifts

Recent analyses reveal critical gaps in automotive supply chains, where rare earth dependencies in magnets create invisible risks amid surging EV demand and China's dominance.

China's 2025 export restrictions on rare earth elements triggered widespread automotive production shutdowns, exposing the industry's vulnerability to magnet supply disruptions and accelerating non-Chinese supply chain efforts.

Automakers are rapidly adopting ferrite magnets in electric vehicle traction motors to slash dependence on costly and volatile rare earth elements like neodymium and dysprosium, promising a 12.5% market growth surge through 2030.

Industrial electric vehicles—trucks, buses, forklifts, and mining equipment—depend heavily on rare earth permanent magnet motors, but China's 2025 export controls have exposed a dangerous supply chain vulnerability. Heavy rare earths like dysprosium and terbium, essential for high-temperature motor performance, are becoming scarce, threatening to create allocation crises by 2028-2032 that could lock out smaller manufacturers while prioritizing defense and major automakers.

As electric vehicle production surges globally, rare earth elements—particularly neodymium and dysprosium—have become critical to automotive performance. These elements are essential for permanent magnet motors that deliver the torque and efficiency modern EVs require, yet supply chain vulnerabilities and China's dominance threaten this emerging industry.